All about wedding dresses

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WEDDING DRESSES


Wedding dress

A wedding dress or wedding gown is the clothing worn by a bride during a wedding ceremony. Colour, style and ceremonial importance of the gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants. In Western cultures, brides often choose a white wedding dress, which was made popular by Queen Victoria in the 19th century. In eastern cultures, brides often choose red to symbolize auspiciousness.

WESTERN CULTURE

Weddings performed during and immediately following the Middle Ages were often more than just a union between two people. They could be a union between two families, two businesses or even two countries. Many weddings were more a matter of politics than love, particularly among the nobility and the higher social classes. Brides were therefore expected to dress in a manner that cast their families in the most favourable light and befitted their social status, for they were not representing only themselves during the ceremony. Brides from wealthy families often wore rich colours and exclusive fabrics. It was common to see them wearing bold colours and layers of furs, velvet and silk. Brides dressed in the height of current fashion, with the richest materials money could buy. The poorest of brides wore their best church dress on their wedding day. The amount and the price of material a wedding dress contained was a reflection of the bride's social standing and indicated the extent of the family's wealth to wedding guests.


The woman to the far right is wearing a typical wedding dress from 1929. Until the late 1960s, wedding dresses reflected the styles of the day. From that time onward, wedding dresses have often been based on Victorian styles.

The first documented instance of a princess who wore a white wedding gown for a royal wedding ceremony is that of Philippa of England, who wore a tunic with a cloak in white silk bordered with grey squirrel and ermine) in 1406. Mary, Queen of Scots, wore a white wedding gown in 1559 when she married her first husband, Francis Dauphin of France because it was her favourite colour, although white was then the colour of mourning for French Queens.

This was not a widespread trend, however: prior to the Victorian era, a bride was married in any colour, black being especially popular in Scandinavia.

White became a popular option in 1840, after the marriage of Queen Victoria to Albert of Saxe-Coburg, where Victoria wore a white gown to incorporate some lace she prized. The official wedding portrait photograph was widely published, and many brides opted for white in accordance with the Queen's choice.

Even after that, for a period, wedding dresses were adapted to the styles of the day. For example, in the 1920s, they were typically short in the front with a longer train in the back and were worn with cloche-style wedding veils. This tendency to follow current fashions continued until the late 1960s, when it became popular to revert to long, full-skirted designs reminiscent of the Victorian era.

Today, Western wedding dresses are usually white, though "wedding white" includes shades such as eggshell, ecru and ivory.

Later, many people assumed that the colour white was intended to symbolize virginity, though this was not the original intention: it was the colour blue that was connected to purity, piety, faithfulness, and the Virgin Mary.

Current fashion
About 75 percent of wedding dresses on the market are strapless dresses or sleeveless, in part because such dresses require less skill from the designers and are easier to alter to fit correctly. However, the sleeved wedding gown as well as wedding gowns with straps have both become more popular in recent years. Many wedding dresses today have been based on Victorian, older styles, and the styles they wore in the 1900s through the 1990s

EASTERN CULTURE

Many wedding dresses in China, India (wedding sari), Pakistan and Vietnam (in the traditional form of the Ao dai) are red, the traditional colour of good luck and auspiciousness. Nowadays, many women choose other colours besides red. In modern mainland Chinese weddings, the bride may opt for Western dresses of any colour, and later don a traditional costume for the official tea ceremony.


Qing dynasty styled traditional Chinese wedding dress with phoenix crown headpiece still used in modern Taiwanese weddings

In modern Taiwanese weddings, the bride generally picks red (following Chinese tradition) or white (more Western) silk for the wedding gown material, but most will wear the red traditional garment for their formal wedding banquets. Traditionally, the father of the bride is responsible for the wedding banquet hosted on the bride's side and the alcohol (specifically called "xi-jiu," confusingly the same as what the wedding banquet itself is called) consumed during both banquets. While the wedding itself is often based on the couple's choices, the wedding banquets are a symbolic gesture of "thanks" and appreciation, to those that have raised the bride and groom (such as grandparents and uncles) and those who will continue to be there to help the bride and groom in the future. Thus out of respect for the elders, wedding banquets are usually done formally and traditionally.

Red wedding saris are the traditional garment choice for brides in Indian culture. Sari fabric is also traditionally silk. Over time, colour options and fabric choices for Indian brides have expanded. Today fabrics like crepe, Georgette, charmeuse, and satin are used, and colours have been expanded to include gold, pink, orange, maroon, brown, and yellow as well. Indian brides in Western countries often wear the sari at the wedding ceremony and change into traditional Indian wear afterwards (lehnga, choli, etc.).


Japanese formal wedding dress still used today

A Japanese wedding usually involves a traditional pure white kimono for the formal ceremony, symbolizing purity and maidenhood. The bride may change into a red kimono for the events after the ceremony for good luck.

The Javanese people of Indonesia wear a kebaya, a traditional kind of blouse, along with batik.

In the Philippines, variations of the Baro't saya adapted to the white wedding tradition are considered to be wedding attire for women, along with the Barong Tagalog for men. Various tribes and Muslim Filipinos don other forms of traditional dress during their respective ceremonies.

NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE


Apache bride

The indigenous peoples of the Americas have varying traditions related to weddings and thus wedding dresses. A Hopi bride traditionally had her garments woven by the groom and any men in the village who wished to participate. The garments consisted of a large belt, two all-white wedding robes, a white wedding robe with red stripes at top and bottom, white buckskin leggings and moccasins, a string for tying the hair, and a reed mat in which to wrap the outfit. This outfit also served as a shroud, since these garments would be necessary for the trip through the underworld.

A Pueblo bride wore a cotton garment tied above the right shoulder, secured with a belt around the waist.

In the traditions of the Delaware, a bride wore a knee-length skirt of deerskin and a band of wampum beads around her forehead. Except for fine beads or shell necklaces, the body was bare from the waist up. If it was a winter wedding, she wore deerskin leggings and moccasins and a robe of turkey feathers. Her face was painted with white, red and yellow clay.

The tribes of Northern California (which include the Klamath, the Modoc and the Yurok) had a traditional bridal dress woven in symbolic colours: white for the east, blue for the south, yellow (orange) for the west; and black for the north. Turquoise and silver jewelry were worn by both the bride and the groom in addition to a silver concho belt. Jewellery was considered a shield against evils including hunger, poverty and bad luck.

GALLERY

Historic wedding dresses


Detail from "The Marriage" by Nicolo da Bologna, 1350s


Helena Fourment, second wife of Peter Paul Rubens, painted by Rubens in her wedding dress, 1630


Marriage of Napoleon I and Marie Louise. France, 1810


Wedding dresses from different areas of the world


Traditional Japanese wedding robes worn by the Crown Prince of Japan, Akihito and Michiko Shoda for their marriage, 1959


Wishram (North American Indian) bride around 1911


Traditional Finnish farmer wedding dress in Jomala


Marriage of the Holy Roman Emperor Barbarossa in Bavaria


A Swedish bridal crown of the most formal type and four brides who wore it (1938-1978)


Traditional Kazakh wedding dress


Hutsul wedding dress


Middle Eastern dresses


Jewish Yemenite bride in Israel, 1950's


Tawfiq Pasha of Egypt with his wife Princess Amina Elhami after their wedding; the wedding took place in January 1873


East Asian dresses


Chinese couple wearing traditional wedding hanfu


Re-enactment of the royal wedding ceremony of King Gojong and Queen Myeongseong


Wedding dresses and other Asian couture in London


South Asian dresses


Rajput bride wearing a pink lehenga


West Bengali bride


Indian bride in white Sari


Bangladeshi bride in formal matrimonial Sari


Bride at a Nikah ceremony wearing typical South Asian red head covering and jewellery


A Nepali bride in wedding dress


Nepali bride of Kathmandu, 1941


Modern Western-style dresses


A bride in 1968, wearing a dress reflecting the styles of the time


Taiwanese couple dressed Western-style for keepsake photos in the park, 1989


Opulent wedding dress of Soraya Esfandiary, created by Christian Dior


Patricia Nixon Cox with her father Richard Nixon, 1971


American bride marrying a Scotsman wearing a kilt, 1996


New Orleans bride wearing a strapless, sleeveless gown, 2006

To read more about wedding dresses, please click on the following link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedding_dress

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